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HMS Prince Albert (1864)
HMS ''Prince Albert'' was designed and built as a shallow-draught coast-defence ship, and was the first British warship designed to carry her main armament in turrets.〔The first completed turret ship was HMS ''Royal Sovereign'', converted from a ship-of-a-line and commissioned in 1864.〕 The ship was named after Prince Albert, the late husband of Queen Victoria. At her wish ''Prince Albert'' remained on the "active" list until 1899, a total of 33 years, by which time she had long ceased to be of any military value.
== Design ==
The Board of Admiralty, in coming to decisions on the structure and dimensions of this ship, were faced with conflicting demands for stability, armour, gun-power, rig, speed and range. Captain Cowper Coles, a long-time advocate of turret-mounted armament, had produced a proposal in 1859 which, while not being accepted as produced, formed the basis for the design concept of ''Prince Albert''.
Freeboard was fixed at to ensure adequate stability, while affording the armament a command at least comparable to that obtained in contemporary broadside ironclads. The armament was disposed in four armoured turrets, each containing one heavy gun and each on the centre-line. The guns carried were the heaviest and most powerful available at the time, the calibre muzzle-loading rifle. The absence of a poop and forecastle limited the activity of the ship in rough weather, but allowed end-on fire over the bow and stern from the end turrets.
Unlike the turrets in the contemporary American monitors, the turrets were rotated by hand; eighteen men could turn a turret through 360° in about a minute.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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